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1. What is the place/ role of women in the Victorian era?

Women in the Victorian era
The status of women in the Victorian era was often seen as an illustration of the striking diserepancy between the United Kingdom's national power and wealth and what many, then and now, consider its appalling social conditions. During the era symbolized by the reign of British monarch Queen Victoria, women did not have the right to vote, sue, or own property. At the same time, women participated in the paid workforce in increasing numbers following the Industrial Revolution. Feminist ideas spread among the educated middle classes, discriminatory laws were repealed, and the uwomen's sutfrage movement gained momentum in the last years of the Victorian era. In the Victorian era, women were seen, by the middle classes at least, as belonging to the
domestic sphere, and this stereotype required them to provide their husbands with a clean home, to put food on the table and to raise their children. Women's rights were extremely limited in this era, losing ownership of their wages, all of their physical property, excluding land property, and all other cash they generated once married.When a Victorian man and woman married, the rights of the woman were legally given over to her spOuse. Under the law the married couple became one entity represented by the husband, placing him in control of all property, earnings, and money. In addition to losing money and material goods to their
husbands, Victorian wives became property to their husbands, giving them rights to what their
bodies produced: children, sex and domestic labor. Marriage abrogated a woman's right to
consent to sexual intercourse with her husband, giving him "ownership over her body. Their
mutual matrimonial consent theretore became a contract to give herselt to her husband as he
desired.
The rights and privileges of Victorian women were limited, and both single and married
women had to live with hardships and disadvantages. Victorian women were disadvantaged
both financially and sexually, enduring inequalities within their marriages and society. There
were sharp distinctions between men's and women's rights during this era; men were allotted
more stability, financial status, and power over their homes and women. Marriages for
Victorian women became contracts which were extremely difficult if not impossible to get
Out of during the Victorian era. Women's rights groups fought for equality and over time
made strides in attaining rights and privileges; however, many Victorian women endured their
husband's control and even cruelty, including sexual violence, verbal abuse, and economic
deprivation. with no way out. While husbands participated in affairs with other women,
wives endured infidelity, as they had no rights to divorce on these grounds and divorce was
considered to be a social taboo.
"The Angel in the House"
By the Victorian era, the concept of "pater familias", meaning the husband as head of the
household and moral leader of his family, was firmly entrenched in British culture. A wife's
proper role was to love, honour and obey her husband, as her marriage vOws stated.A Wifes
place in the family hierarchy was secondary to her husband, but far from being considered
unimportant, a wife's duties to tend to her husband and properly raise her children were
considered crucial cornerstones of social stability by the Victorians.
Representations of ideal wives were abundant in Victorian culture, providing women with
their role models. The Victorian ideal of the tirelessly patient, sacrificing wife is depicted in
The Angel in the House, a popular poem by Coventry Patmore. published in 1854. (..)
However, a few early feminists called for aspirations beyond the home. By the end of the
century, the "New Woman" was iding a bicycle, wearing bloomers, signing petitions,
supporting worldwide mission activities, and talking about the vote. (.)​